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Jain cosmology is based on seven (sometimes nine, with subcategories) truths or fundamental principles also known as ''tattva'' or ''navatattva'', which are an attempt to explain the nature and solution to the human predicament. The first two are the two ontological categories of the soul ''jīva'' and the non-soul ''ajīva'', namely the axiom that they exist. The third truth is that through the interaction, called ''yoga'', between the two substances, soul and non-soul, karmic matter flows into the soul (''āsrava''), clings to it, becomes converted into karma and the fourth truth acts as a factor of bondage (''bandha''), restricting the manifestation of the consciousness intrinsic to it. The fifth truth states that a stoppage (''saṃvara'') of new karma is possible through asceticism through practice of right conduct, faith and knowledge. An intensification of asceticism burns up the existing karma – this sixth truth is expressed by the word ''nirjarā''. The final truth is that when the soul is freed from the influence of karma, it reaches the goal of Jaina teaching, which is liberation or ''mokṣa''.〔 *〕 Some authors add two additional categories: the meritorious and demeritorious acts related to karma (''puṇya'' and ''pāpa''). These nine categories of cardinal truth, called ''navatattva'', form the basis of entire Jain metaphysics. The knowledge of these reals is essential for the liberation of the soul. ==Jīva== Jainism believes that the souls (''jīva'') exist as a reality, having a separate existence from the body that houses it. ''Jīva'' is characterised by ''cetana'' (consciousness) and ''upayoga'' (knowledge and perception).〔 , Gāthā 16〕 Though the soul experiences both birth and death, it is neither really destroyed nor created. Decay and origin refer respectively to the disappearing of one state of soul and appearance of another state, these being merely the modes of the soul.〔 , Gāthā 18〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Tattva (Jainism)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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